KALUSH

KALUSH
KALUSH (Pol. Kalusz), city in Ivano-Frankovsk (Stanislavov) district in southwestern Ukraine, formerly within Poland; in 1772 it passed to Austria, reverting to Poland in 1919, and was within the U.S.S.R. from 1939 to 1991 when Ukraine gained independence. The salt mines in the area around Kalush became noted as early as the 15th century, and were leased on occasion by Jews during the following century; they were the main source of livelihood in the 19th century. An organized Jewish community existed in the city by 1650. According to the census of 1765, there were 1,087 Jews in Kalush who paid poll tax. They owned about 130 buildings in the city. The great synagogue was completed in 1825. In 1880 there lived in Kalush 4,266 Jews, representing 59% of the total population. Apart from salt, they controlled trade in lumber, grain, hides, and clothing. The community numbered 4,363 in 1910, about half the total population, and maintained six synagogues and charitable and religious institutions. During World War I the town suffered, mostly from Russian troops, leaving 200 widows, 400 orphans, and about 250 Jewish homes in the center of the city destroyed, along with the community's archives and records. In the fall of 1918 the region came under independent Ukrainian rule. A Jewish local council was set up and a Jewish militia organized to defend the community against pogroms. When Kalush reverted to independent Poland, the Jewish council and prewar communal organizations were disbanded and a government-appointed Jewish community council established. In 1921 there lived in Kalush 3,121 Jews, representing 47% of its total population. During the period between the two world wars, a Hebrew school (200 pupils in 1938), a talmud torah, a beth jacob school , and various welfare associations were established. The community numbered approximately 6,000 in 1938, about one-third of the total population in Kalush. (Arthur Cygielman) -Holocaust Period During the period of Soviet occupation (1939–41), the Jewish community in Kalush underwent many changes: independent political activity was prohibited, and the community institutions, political parties, and youth movements were disbanded. Trade and industry were nationalized. After the German occupation   of Kalush at the beginning of July 1941, the Jews and their property were attacked. In October 1941 several hundred Jews were murdered. Other Aktionen took place in March–April 1942, and the victims were sent to the belzec death camp, where they perished. On Sept. 15–17, 1942, the ghetto was destroyed and the city was declared Judenrein. The few remaining Jews in Kalush were transferred to stanislav and subsequently perished. The community was not reconstituted after the war. (Aharon Weiss) -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Almanach gmin źydowskich (1939), index; B. Wasiutynski, Ludnosé źydowska w Polsce w wiekach XIX i XX (1930), 122; I. Schiper, Dzieje handlu ẓydowskiego na ziemiachi polskich, 1939, index; R. Mahler, Yidn in Amolikn Poyln in Likht fun Tsifern (1958), index.

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Kalush — may refer to:* Kalush, Afghanistan * Kalush, Ukraine …   Wikipedia

  • Kalush — Kalusch (Калуш) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Kalush — (en ucraniano Калуш) es una ciudad que se encuentra al sudoeste del Óblast de Ivano Frankivsk. Es el centro administrativo del Kalushskiy …   Wikipedia Español

  • Kalush — Original name in latin Kalush Name in other language Kalouch, Kalush, Kalusz, Katusz, Kausz, karushu, Калуш State code UA Continent/City Europe/Kiev longitude 49.01187 latitude 24.37308 altitude 279 Population 67698 Date 2013 01 10 …   Cities with a population over 1000 database

  • Kalush — ▪ Ukraine       city, southwestern Ukraine. It is approximately 56 miles (90 km) southeast of Lviv and is on the Ivano Frankivsk–Stryy rail line. The existence of Kalush was first mentioned in the 13th century. It grew for a time in the 19th… …   Universalium

  • Kalush, Ukraine — Infobox Settlement official name = Kalush native name = Калуш nickname = imagesize = image caption = image shield = KalushCOA.jpg nickname = motto = mapsize = map caption = subdivision type = Country Oblast Raion subdivision name =Ukraine Ivano… …   Wikipedia

  • WFC Naftokhimik Kalush — Naftokhimik Kalush Full name Women s Football Club Naftokhimik Kalush Founded 2004 Dissolved 2009 Ground Khimik Stadium, Kalush, Ukraine …   Wikipedia

  • FC Kalush — Football club infobox clubname = FC Kalush fullname = FC Kalush nickname = founded = ground = capacity = president = manager = league = Amateurs (Ivano Frankivsk oblast) season = position = FC Kalush is a Ukrainian Football club that is from… …   Wikipedia

  • Harry Houdini — Houdini redirects here. For other uses, see Houdini (disambiguation). Harry Houdini Houdini in 1899 Born Erik Weisz March 24, 1874(1874 03 24) …   Wikipedia

  • Kallusch — Kalusch (Калуш) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”